Brain cancer: Brain cancer occurs in the brain cells. These cancer cells grow unusually in the brain tissue and develop into malignant tumor. The Tumor which is formed by the cancer cells will interrupt the brain functions like sensation, memory muscle control and other body functions. This brain cancer is termed as malignant cancer because it has the spreading nature to other tissues.

Causes of Brain cancer:
Brain tumors start from many tissues of brain (glial and astrocytes cells). Metastatic brain cancer can be caused by the spread of cancerous cells from other parts of the body to brain cells. Till now, there is no exact reason for the cause of primary brain cancer and metastatic brain cancer. But many risk factors were identified by the researchers which are more likely to increase the chance of occurring brain cancer.

Risk factors for Brain cancers:
• Radiation exposure: Daily exposure to harmful UV radiations will increase the chances of having brain cancer along with skin and oral cancer.
• HIV: Due to presence of HIV in the body ,the risk factor for having brain cancer increases.
• Family heredity: Brain cancer can also occur due to the family heredity .
• Head trauma : Due to severe head injury there is a chance for occurring brain cancer.
• Cell phone usage: Due to more cell usage,the harmful signal radiations creates disturbance in the brain cells which leads to brain cancer.

Symptoms of Brain cancer:
• Weak immune system
• Body weakness
• Walking difficulties
• Headaches
• Seizures
• Nausea and vomiting
• Blurry vision
• Memory loss

Treatments for Brain cancer: Treatment for this disease depends upon several factors like tumor size, shape, age of the patient, patient health condition and cancer type. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the three major types of treatments available for curing brain cancer.

Surgery process for curing Brain cancer: Surgery is the most common method carried to remove the brain tumor including the surrounding parts of it. Surgery can be carried in the early stages of the tumor occurrence. Surgery is taken place only if the cancer is located in only one part of the body. During the surgery process the damaged brain tissues are also removed along with the tumor to avoid spreading and reoccurrence. This surgery process depends on the location, area and size of the tumor.

Radiotherapy: This treatment is based on the extent of the brain cancer disease. Radiotherapy is a process of removing brain cancer cells by using high intensity x-rays. These high energy x-rays are aimed at the brain tumor to destroy the cancer cells .This process also causes damage to the normal brain cells for its side effects. There are two types of radiotherapy treatments they are.

•External radiations: External radiation process is carried out from outside the body. The powerful x-ray beams are aimed at the effected area from outside the body to destroy cancer causing cells causing cells permanently

•Internal radiations: High intensity X-ray beams are passed into the brain by making some small incisions in the brain area. This treatment gives better results than the external radiation therapy.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is one of the treatment methods useful in killing cancer causing cells by the usage of drugs. This treatment process is carried by either pills or through intravascular injections. The anti-cancer drug enters into the bloodstream and travels towards the damaged brain tissues and destroys the cancer cells.

Chemotherapeutic drugs attacks the brain cancer cells by stopping their unusual growth. The nature of the cancer cells were brought to the normal condition by controlling the divisibility of the cells. These drugs are carried in the bloodstream to kill destroy all the cancer cells within short period of time.

This cancer chemotherapy drug can be given at either clinic or at home. The usage of this drug can be daily, weekly or monthly depending on the stage of the cancer and body immune system. Chemotherapy treatment is given by considering the following basis like age, gender, drug toxicity and body weight. The dosage and usability should be carried under proper supervision

Brain cancer can also occur due to metastatic cancers. Nearly around 25,000 people were likely to develop this disease per every year. This metastatic brain cancer is more common than brain cancer. Surgery and chemotherapy are the best treatment methods for curing brain cancer.

-The diagnosis once cast a pall of despair over its victims, who had little hope and few options for recovery. However, neurosurgical research and innovative treatments are beginning to change that view. “We know so much more about brain tumors then we did 10 years ago,” said John Jane Sr., MD, PhD, Editor of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons” Journal of Neurosurgery and a neurosurgeon in Virginia, “We still have a lot to learn, especially since brain tumors remain one of the least understood and difficult to treat tumors.But, there have been advances in how we diagnose brain tumors and how we treat brain tumors.” What is a brain tumor? A brain tumor is a cluster of abnormal cells growing in the brain. Brain tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They can start growing in the brain – a primary tumor, or they can be formed when cancer cells from another part of the body travel to the brain – a metastatic brain tumor. Approximately half of all primary brain tumors are benign. All metastatic brain tumors are malignant. More than 110000 people are diagnosed each year with a brain tumor. Approximately 80000 of tumors are metastatic. There are more than a dozen different types of brain tumors and they are classified by level of malignancy, size and degree to which the cancer has spread. First, metastatic brain tumors often are formed when cancers of the lung, breast, colon, prostate and skin spread to the brain. Improvements in treating …
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The causes of many types of cancer remain unknown. However, this is not the case with lung cancer. As long as you are aware of the lung cancer causes, you will be able to take effective measures for prevention. This condition causes the largest number of cancer deaths, but it is also the most preventable one as well.

The main cause of lung cancer is cigarette smoking. It has been estimated that between 85% and 90% of all cases are caused by smoking. Tobacco contains over 4,000 chemical compounds and many of them are harmful to the human body. It is equally true that a large number of these chemical compounds can lead to the growth of tumor cells in the lungs. There are two of them that have been identified as the primary carcinogenic substances in tobacco. These are the nitrosamines and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

The risk of developing the condition increases with the number of packs you smoke per day and the number of years you smoke. In general, a smoker is 25 times more likely to get the disease than someone who does not smoke. Happily, the risk for getting lung cancer in people who have ceased smoking reaches the risk level of non-smokers after 15 years of cessation.

Pipe smoking and cigar smoking are also among the most notable lung cancer causes. Still, these smokers that do not use cigarettes are only 5 times more likely to develop the condition compared to nonsmokers.

Passive smoking is another one of the most common lung cancer causes. Currently, around 3,000 lung cancer deaths a year are attributed to passive smoking. Second hand smokers are individuals who reside with smokers and share living quarters, in which cigarette smoke is present. Their risk of developing the condition is approximately 24% higher compared to the risk nonsmokers stand.

Exposure to asbestos can also lead to the development of cancer in the lungs. This material, used in construction, contains dangerous silicate fibers that can be inhaled during work. The risk for developing the condition of nonsmoking individuals exposed to asbestos is 5 times greater than in nonsmokers. It should be pointed out that the use of this material in many countries has been banned.

Exposure to radon gas, released during the natural decay of uranium products, is another one of the common lung cancer causes. It is responsible for 12% of the deaths from this condition. It has been estimated that 1 of every 15 homes in the US alone has dangerous level of radon gas.

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The most common form of cancer to strike people than any other form is skin cancer. All skin types can develop skin cancer but is it more common in fair-skinned people. The main cause of skin cancer is from ultraviolet radiation from spending too much time in the sun. Discovering the signs of skin cancer early, and avoiding overexposure to the sun are the two greatest ways to prevent skin cancer. Ultraviolet light, heredity and environment are the three major causes of skin cancer, mostly in children and teens. Studies have shown that adults receive half of their lifetime ultraviolet exposure when they are 20 years old.

Did you know skin is our bodies largest organ. It protects our internal organs from injury, acts as a barrier between those organs and bacteria, and prevents the loss of valuable fluid from our body. It also regulated body temperature and communicates to the brain to allow for temperature, touch, and pain sensations. You can see why it is important to keep our skin healthy and free from any signs of skin cancer symptoms. The majority of skin cancers are classified as non-melanoma or melanoma.

Non-melanoma skin cancer will develop on those areas of the body that are the most exposed to the sun. The early signs of skin cancer systems that appear on the body, face, ears, neck, lips, and the backs of our hands are where most non-melanoma skin cancer would be found. These signs of skin cancer rarely spread to another part of the body.

Skin cancer signs can be one extreme to the next, either the cancer can be slow growing or grow at a rapid rate.

Melanoma, a common skin cancer, begins in the cells that produce the skin pigment or coloring known as melanin. Melanin also protects the deepest layers of the skin from harmful radiation from the sun. Melanoma accounts for a small percentage of skin cancer, but it is far more dangerous and life threatening than non-melanoma skin cancer. The chances of surviving melanoma skin cancer are better if it is caught in the earliest stage.

The signs of skin cancer include family history of skin cancer, multiple moles, a fair complexion, exposure to coal tar, pitch, creosote, arsenic compounds, and radium, and severe sunburn as a child.

Your body will show early signs of skin cancer symptoms, and both patients and doctors play an important role in finding signs of skin cancer. If you believe you have signs of skin cancer or have any change on the skin, consult your doctor. Any change can be a sign of skin cancer, like the size and color of a mole, or a growth that is darkly pigmented, or a new growth on the skin. If you have a change in the appearance of any bump or nodule, or if you have oozing, bleeding or scaling of the skin you should contact your doctor. Another sign of skin cancer to look for is if the color of the pigmentation spreads beyond the border of a mole or mark. Another sign of skin cancer would be a change in sensations to your skin, for example, itchiness, tenderness, or pain, it’s time to go to your doctor.

If you watch for any of the signs of skin cancer symptoms it can be prevented that is important to know. Avoid the sun for extended periods of time and make sure to practice sun safety. If you fear that you have signs of skin cancer symptoms, avoid the sun altogether between the hours of 10 AM and 4 PM. Try to stay in the shade especially when rays are the strongest. To protect your skin from the sun rays it is helpful to wear a long sleeved shirt.

If you show any of the signs of skin cancer symptoms, using sunscreen is important when you are going to be in the sun. Using a sunscreen of SPF 15 or above when outdoors will help you protect your skin from skin cancer. Use sunscreen generously and always reapply if you have been in the water, are heavily perspiring, or have recently toweled off.

For prevention of developing signs of skin cancer wear a hat this will keep your face, ears, and neck shaded and provide some protection. A wide-brimmed hat is the best choice but if you are wearing a baseball cap, remember to protect your ears and neck with sunscreen.

Your eyes also need protection from developing signs of skin cancer. The best protection for the eyes and surrounding skin is to wear sunglasses. Sunglasses with 99-100 percent UV absorption are recommended when you are in the sun.

Protect yourself, and alert your doctor if you think you may be developing any signs of skin cancer.

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What is Breast Cancer?

The term breast cancer refers to a malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the breast. The breast is composed of two main types of tissues: glandular tissues and stromal (supporting) tissues. Glandular tissues house the milk-producing glands (lobules) and the ducts (the milk passages) while stromal tissues include fatty and fibrous connective tissues of the breast. The breast is also made up of lymphatic tissue-immune system tissue that removes cellular fluids and waste.

There are several types of tumors that may develop within different areas of the breast.

Factors that may make you more susceptible to breast cancer include : -

1. Age : – Your chances of developing breast cancer increase with age. Close to 80 percent of breast cancers occur in women older than age 50. In your 30s, you have a one in 233 chance of developing breast cancer. By age 85, your chance is one in eight.

2. A personal history of breast cancer : – If you’ve had breast cancer in one breast, you have an increased risk of developing cancer in the other breast.

3. Family history : – If you have a mother, sister or daughter with breast or ovarian cancer or both, or a male relative with breast cancer, you have a greater chance of also developing breast cancer

4.Birth control pills : – Use of birth control pills is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women. The risk seems to be greater for women who use birth control pills for four or more years before their first full-term pregnancy.

5 .Smoking : – Evidence is mixed on the relationship between smoking and breast cancer risk. Some studies show no link between cigarette smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke and breast cancer.

6.Excessive use of alcohol : – Women who drink more than one alcoholic beverage a day have about a 20 percent greater risk of breast cancer than do women who don’t drink. To reduce your breast cancer risk, limit alcohol to no more than one drink daily.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

Early breast cancer usually does not cause pain. In fact, when it first develops, breast cancer may cause no symptoms at all. But as the cancer grows, it can cause these changes: 1. a lump or thickening in the breast or armpit 2. a change in the size or shape of the breast 3. discharge from the nipple 4. A change in the color or texture of the skin of the breast or areola (such as dimpling, puckering, or scaliness).

Treatment of a Breast Cancer in India

Mastectomy in India

Mastectomy is the surgical removal of a breast. Surgery is presently the most common treatment for breast cancer. Following mastectomy, immediate or delayed breast reconstruction is possible in many instances.

Surgical procedures for breast cancer include : -

* Simple or total mastectomy: removal of the breast, with its skin and nipple, but no lymph nodes. In some cases, a separate sentinel node biopsy is performed to remove only the first one to three axillary (armpit) lymph nodes.

* Modified radical mastectomy: removal of the entire breast, nipple/areolar region, and often the axillary lymph nodes. This is the most common form of mastectomy performed today.

* Radical mastectomy: removal of the entire breast, nipple/areolar region, the pectoral (chest) major and minor muscles, and lymph nodes. This procedure is rarely performed today.

* Quandrantectomy: removal of a quarter of the breast, including the skin and breast fascia (connective tissues). The surgeon may also perform a separate procedure to remove some or all of the axillary (armpit) lymph nodes, either an axillary node dissection or a sentinel node biopsy.

Axillary Node Dissection in India

Axillary node dissection, the surgical removal of the axillary (armpit) lymph nodes, is usually performed on patients with invasive cancers. A radical mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, or lumpectomy operation often includes axillary node dissection (this involves a separate incision for lumpectomy patients). After surgery, the axillary lymph nodes are examined under a microscope to determine whether the cancer has spread past the breast and to evaluate treatment options…

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in India

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a new procedure that involves removing only one to three sentinel lymph nodes (the first nodes in the lymphatic chain). To perform sentinel node biopsy, a radioactive tracer and/or blue dye is injected into a region of a tumor. The dye is then carried to the sentinel node (the lymph node most likely to be cancerous if the disease has spread from its original origin).

Lumpectomy in India

Lumpectomy is the surgical removal of a cancerous lump (or tumor) in the breast, along with a small margin of the surrounding normal breast tissue. Lumpectomy may also be called wide excision biopsy, breast conserving therapy or quadrantectomy (this latter term is used when up to one fourth of the breast is removed). The procedure is often performed on women with small or localized breast cancers and can be an attractive surgical treatment option for breast cancer because it allows women to maintain most of their breast after surgery.

Chemotherapy in India

This section is intended to provide general information on chemotherapy for breast cancer patients and to discuss a variety of possible side effects of chemotherapy drugs. Because chemotherapy regimens are individually tailored, the types of drugs administered and their side effects will vary considerably. While this article discusses many of the side effects of chemotherapy in detail, it is important to note that the majority of the side effects associated with chemotherapy are temporary and only occur during or immediately after treatment.

Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Breast Cancer in India

Radiation therapy (or radiotherapy) uses high-energy rays to stop cancer cells from growing and dividing. Radiation therapy is often used to destroy any remaining breast cancer cells in the breast, chest wall, or axilla (underarm) area after surgery. Occasionally, radiation therapy is used before surgery to shrink the size of a tumor. A common treatment for early stage breast cancer is breast-conserving therapy. Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) is the surgical removal of a breast lump (lumpectomy) and a surrounding margin of normal breast tissue.

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Prostrate cancer is a type of cancer that effects the Prostrate gland in the male reproductive system. It is the second most common type of cancer found in men as skin cancer is number one. Each year, there are over 186,000 men across our country who are diagnosed with this disease. The symptoms of Prostrate cancer are not noticed during the early stages of the condition. The tests that are used to determine if you have signs of this condition are the PSA test or the rectal examination. A cancer tumor causes the prostrate to enlarge and it starts to push in the urethra and this makes you feel different and causes you to have difficulty urinating.

It is a known fact that as men get older, their Prostrate enlarges and this causes them to have trouble with the urethra and bladder. The majority of Prostrate cancer cases occur in men who are over the age of 75, but it also can effect men at other ages. If you are experiencing any of the symptoms that we have talked about thus far, then you should call your doctor and make an appointment to get yourself checked as early detection is a key factor in fighting this disease.

Signs of this condition include the urge to urinate frequently at night and the urge to go more often, trouble starting and stopping the flow of urine, not being able to go at all, small streams of urine , pain or aches while going and blood in the urine, and pain during ejaculation.

If you feel like you are in the high risk category for developing this disease, then you should call your doctor and setup an appointment with him to discuss your condition so he can schedule some tests for you. A PSA or DRE test can be a great way to detect the cancer at an early stage before it becomes too advanced. On the negative side, these tests can sometimes cause false alarms and they can also detect other cancers that may not be a threat to you.

The bad news on Prostrate cancer is that in most of the cases, the disease cannot be detected until it spreads out beyond the glands as there are no signs and symptoms that can be detected during the early stages of the disease. This is why it is so important for you to undergo a Prostrate specific antigen examination . If cancer is detected, this means that it has already started to spread. Not all cancers grow at the same rate as some grow gradually while others grow more rapidly, so make sure that you discuss this condition with your doctor. The earlier that Prostrate cancer is detected, the more chance you have for a full recovery and a healthy life.

I hope that you found this information useful and if you would like more information on ways to live healthy, then please visit my healthy living web site where you will find great information to help you live a long and healthy life.

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